1. Paleoclimatology is a branch of science that uses various methods to reconstruct past climates and understand how they have changed over time.
古气候学是一门使用各种方法来重建过去气候并了解其随时间的变化的科学领域。

2. By analyzing ice cores, sediment samples, and other geological data, paleoclimatologists can gain insights into ancient climates and their potential impact on the present and future.
通过分析冰芯、沉积物样本和其他地质数据，古气候学家可以深入了解古代气候及其对现在和未来的潜在影响。